PTSD+&+Alcohol


 * PTSD and Alcohol Use **

Studies have consistently found that individuals diagnosed with PTSD are more likely to have problems with drug or alcohol abuse relative to the general population. There are a few theories that attempt to explain the association between alcohol abuse and PTSD.

Volpicelli et al. (1999), suggest that after experiencing a traumatic event, many people report using substances such as alcohol to relieve anxiety and depression. It is hypothesized that during a traumatic event the levels of endorphins in the brain increase greatly to help alleviate the psychological and physical pain of the trauma. After the traumatic event has subsided, endorphin levels decrease to the point where people may experience endorphin withdrawal, which can lead to people experiencing symptoms of PTSD. Alcohol can increase endorphin levels within the brain, so it is hypothesized that drinking may occur following trauma to help compensate for endorphin withdrawal and numb emotional distress by reducing hyperarousal symptoms. This explanation is an example of the Self-Medication Theory.

Other researchers have proposed different theories to account for the higher rates of alcohol abuse in people with PTSD. Some researchers believe that people may abuse alcohol, which can put them at greater risk of experiencing traumatic events and dangerous situations, leading to the greater chance of developing PTSD. This is known as the High-Risk Theory. Another theory suggests that some people have a genetic vulnerability, whereby they are more likely to develop PTSD and a substance abuse problem following a traumatic event, known as the Shared Vulnerability Theory.

All of these theories make valid arguments and are all supported by researchers. The actual etiology will vary for each person depending on a number of factors including their medical history, family history, gender and age. All of these factors should be considered when determining the most suitable treatment for each person.